Personalized treatment advances with digital twin technology

Digital twins (DTs) are emerging as a transformative solution to the challenge of ineffective medicines, which causes patient suffering and economic costs. Based on a comprehensive review in Genome Medicine of existing research, case studies, and expert insights, DTs are described as virtual models of health and disease processes. These models integrate real-time data and simulations to predict, prevent, and personalise treatments. Early clinical applications, such as artificial organs and disease modelling, have shown promise in cardiology, cancer, and hospital workflow optimisation. However, widespread implementation faces challenges, including data integration, interoperability, and ethical considerations.